California ndi boma m'chigawo cha Pacific ku United States. Ndi nzika 39,5 miliyoni kudera lotalika pafupifupi ma kilomita 373,926 (423,970 km2), California ndiye dziko la US lokhala ndi anthu ambiri ndipo lachitatu ndi lalikulu kwambiri m'derali. Likulu la boma ndi Sacramento. Dera la Greater Los Angeles ndi San Francisco Bay Area ndi dera lachiwiri komanso lachisanu lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri mderali, momwe muli anthu 18.7 miliyoni ndi 9.7 miliyoni. Mzinda wa Los Angeles ndi mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku California, ndipo ndi wachiwiri kwambiri padziko lonse, pambuyo pa New York City. California ilinso ndi chigawo chokhala ndi anthu ambiri, Los Angeles County, ndi chigawo chake chachikulu, San Bernardino County. City ndi County ya San Francisco onse ndi mzinda wachiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri mdziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku New York City komanso chigawo chachisanu chokhala ndi anthu ambiri, pomwe panali mabwalo anayi okha ku New York City. Chuma cha California, chomwe chili ndi boma la $ 3.0 trillion, ndiye chuma chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akadakhala dziko, California ikadakhala chuma chachisanu padziko lonse lapansi (zokulirapo kuposa United Kingdom, France, India kapena India), ndiwofika 37 kwambiri kuyambira 2020. Greater Los Angeles Area ndi San Francisco Bay Madera ndi dera lachiwiri komanso lachitatu lokhala ndi chuma chachikulu kwambiri m'tawuni ($ 1.3 trillion ndi $ 1.0 trillion motsatana ndi chaka cha 2018), litachitika dera la New York. San Francisco Bay Area PSA inali ndi mtundu wankhokwe kwambiri kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018 ($ 106,757) pakati pa madera akuluakulu, ndipo ili ndi makampani atatu padziko lonse lapansi mwa capitalization pamsika komanso atatu mwa anthu khumi olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.California Chikhalidwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chochitika padziko lonse lapansi mu chikhalidwe chotchuka, kulumikizana, chidziwitso, kuzindikira, chilengedwe, zachuma, ndale komanso zosangalatsa. Zotsatira zakusiyana kwa boma komanso kusamuka, California ikuphatikiza zakudya, zilankhulo, ndi miyambo kuchokera kumadera ena kudera lonselo komanso kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Imadziwika ngati chiyambi cha mafilimu aku America, hippie counterculture, chakudya mwachangu, gombe ndi chikhalidwe chamagalimoto, intaneti, ndi makompyuta pawokha. Malo a San Francisco Bay Area ndi Greater Los Angeles Area amawonedwa kwambiri ngati malo opanga maukadaulo apadziko lonse lapansi aukadaulo ndi zosangalatsa, motsatana. Zachuma ku California ndizosiyanasiyana: 58% ya izo idakhazikitsidwa ndi zachuma, boma, ntchito zogulitsa nyumba, ukadaulo, ndi akatswiri, asayansi, ndiukadaulo pantchito. Ngakhale zimangokhala 1.5% azachuma chazaka zonse, bizinesi yaulimi ku California ndiyotuluka kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse wa US.California imagawana malire ndi Oregon kumpoto, Nevada ndi Arizona kummawa, ndi dziko la Mexico la Baja California kumwera. Gawo losiyanasiyana la boma limayambira ku Pacific Coast kumadzulo kupita kumapiri a Sierra Nevada kummawa, komanso kuchokera ku nkhalango za redwood ndi Douglas kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka Chipululu cha Mojave kumwera chakum'mawa. Chigwa cha Central, dera lalikulu laulimi, ndi malo olamulira. Ngakhale California imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya ku Mediterranean, kukula kwakukulu kwa maboma kumabweretsa nyengo zomwe zimakhala zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kumpoto komwe kumayambira kuchipululu komwe kumakhala chipululu chamkati, komanso mapiri otentha kwambiri kumapiri. Popita nthawi, chilala komanso moto wamoto zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira. Tsopano California idakhazikitsidwa koyamba ndi mitundu ingapo ya Native Californian isanayambe kufufuzidwa ndi maulendo angapo aku Europe mu zaka za 16 ndi 17. Kenako Ufumu wa Spain unadzitenga ndi kuulanda. Mu 1804 adaphatikizidwa m'chigawo cha Alta California, mkati mwa Spain New Spain Viceroyalty. Deralo lidakhala gawo la Mexico mu 1821 nkhondo yake yodziyendera bwino koma idasungidwa ku United States mu 1848 pambuyo pa nkhondo yaku Mexico-America. Gawo lakumadzulo kwa Alta California lidakonzedwa ndikuvomerezedwa ngati boma 31 pa Seputembara 9, 1850. Golide waku California Gold kuyambira kuyambira 1848 adabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamayiko komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu, kutuluka kwakukulu kum'mawa komanso kunja ndi chuma. boom.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/