Sakatulani Magalimoto mu NA, Kolkata, West Bengal kapena lembani nokha. Lengezani, gulitsani katundu wanu, lembani mndandandaKolkata (kapena, Chibengali: [ˈkolˌkata] (mverani), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Calcutta, dzina lakale mpaka 2001) ndiye likulu la dziko la India ku West Bengal. Malinga ndi kalembera wa India wa 2011, ndiye mzinda wachisanu ndi chiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku India; mzindawu unali ndi anthu 4,5 miliyoni, pomwe anthu okhala m'mudzimo adabweretsa 14 miliyoni, zomwe zidapangitsa kukhala mzinda wachitatu wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku India. Kolkata Megalopolis ndiye malo ozungulira mzinda wa Kolkata Metropolitan wokhala ndi anthu ena. Ili kumphepete chakum'mawa kwa mtsinje wa Hooghly pafupifupi makilomita 80 kumadzulo kwa malire ndi Bangladesh, ndiye malo opangira malonda, zachikhalidwe, komanso maphunziro ku East India, pomwe Port of Kolkata ndiye doko lakale kwambiri ku India ndi malo ake doko lokhalo lalikulu la mitsinje. Mzindawu womwe umatchedwa "Mzinda wa Chimwemwe" umadziwika kuti "likulu la chikhalidwe" ku India ndipo pofika chaka cha 2019, Nobel Laureates asanu ndi limodzi adalumikizidwa ndi mzindawu. Ziwerengero zaposachedwa za chuma cha Kolkata Metropolitan Area kuyambira $ 60 mpaka $ 150 biliyoni (GDP yosinthidwa kuti igule magetsi) ndikupangitsa kukhala dera lachitatu lokonzekera bwino kwambiri ku India, pambuyo pa Mumbai ndi Delhi. kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, midzi itatu yomwe idalosera Calcutta adalamulidwa ndi Nawab wa Bengal pansi pa Mughal suzerainty. Nawab itapatsa chilolezo cha East India Company cha malonda mu 1690, malowa adapangidwa ndi kampaniyo kukhala malo olimbikitsira malonda kwambiri. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah analanda mzinda wa Calcutta mu 1756, ndipo East India Company inalandilanso chaka chotsatira. Mu 1793 kampani ya East India inali wamphamvu mokwanira kuthetsa Nizamat (olamulira m'deralo), ndipo adatenga ulamuliro wonse kuderali. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa kampaniyo, ndipo pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Britain, Kaligta anali likulu la magawo omwe Britain anakhazikitsa ku India mpaka 1911, pomwe mavuto azachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kukonda dziko lawo ku Bengal, zidapangitsa kuti likulu lisunthire kupita ku New Delhi . Calcutta ndiye chimake cha gulu lodziyimira pawokha la India; likadali lalikulu pankhani yandale zamakono. Pambuyo pa ufulu wa India mu 1947, ku Kolkata, komwe kalelo kunali likulu la maphunziro amakono ku India, sayansi, chikhalidwe, komanso ndale, anakumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Monga gawo lalitali la 19- komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Bengal Renaissance komanso malo achipembedzo komanso azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ku Bengal ndi India, Kolkata ali ndi miyambo yakwanuko mu sewero, zaluso, filimu, zisudzo, komanso mabuku. Anthu ambiri ochokera ku Kolkata, pakati pawo, angapo apamwamba a Nobel, athandizira pa zaluso, sayansi, ndi madera ena. Chikhalidwe cha Kolkata chimakhala ndi ma idiosyncrasies omwe amaphatikizira oyandikana nawo pafupi (ma paras) ndi kusinthana kwanzeru kwamaluso (adda). Gawo la West Bengal pagulu lapa film la Chibengali limakhazikitsidwa mu mzindawu, lomwe limakhalanso ndi magulu odziwika azikhalidwe zofunikira zamtundu, monga Academy of Fine Arts, Chikumbutso cha Victoria, Asiatic Society, Indian Museum ndi National Library of India. Pakati pa akatswiri asayansi, Kolkata amakhala ndi Agri Horticultural Society of India, Geological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta Mathematicsical Society, Indian Science Congress Association, Zoological Survey of India, Institution of Engineers, Anthropological Kafukufuku wa India ndi Indian Public Health Association. Ngakhale ali ndi malo owonetsera masewera achiyoli komanso malo ogulitsira, Kolkata amasiyana ndi mizinda ina ya India poganizira za mpira wamiyambo ndi masewera ena.Chipinda (American English), flat (British English) kapena chimango (English English) ndi chipinda chokhala ndi nyumba zokha (mtundu wanyumba yokhazikika) yomwe imangokhala gawo la nyumbayo, molondola, pamalo amodzi popanda kwerero. . Nyumbayi imatha kutchedwa nyumba yosanja, nyumba yosanja, nyumba yocheperako, chipinda chosanja, nsanja, kukwera kapena, mwadzidzidzi nyumba (mu English English), makamaka ngati ili ndi nyumba zambiri zobwerekera. Ku Scotland, imatchedwa kakhola kanyumba kapena, ngati ndi nyumba yamiyala yamchenga, tenement, yomwe ili ndi tanthauzo lodziwika kwina. Nyumba zitha kukhala za eni kapena wokhala nawo, mwaulesi wokhala nawo kapena wobwereketsa anthu (mitundu iwiri yolipira nyumba).Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/